Jeffrey A. Friedman presents an alternative understanding of the common ideas around foreign decision-making and the policy application process. The alternative challenge the understanding that each issue has somewhat of an impact on the processes of presidential policy and that there is not a sizable pattern. He points out the problematic correlation between personal image-making and foreign policy positions. The book does not necessarily provide a formula for success in foreign policy making and the popularity of a leader but rather makes the patterns visible of what, at times, can be an unpredictable relationship.