Introduction
In the 21st century, the international system has undergone significant changes in power relations, and during this period, Türkiye has encountered considerable challenges in its foreign policy. In particular, the 2008 economic crisis and the 2011-2012 Eurozone crisis partially diminished the economic power of the Western world. Meanwhile, Asia, with its growing economic potential and China’s rise as a global power, has become one of the most crucial regions in international politics. Simultaneously, Türkiye has faced the challenges posed by the Arab Spring and the Syrian Civil War. This process has had a significant negative impact not only on Türkiye’s relations with its Middle Eastern neighbors but also with the United States (U.S.) and Russia. In addition, there has been no concrete progress in Türkiye’s relations with the European Union (EU) due to issues such as Cyprus and visa exemptions.
