Introduction
Central Asia, often described as a landlocked region, has historically faced challenges in establishing strong external linkages. However, since the 1990s, Türkiye has played a crucial role in facilitating the region’s integration with the global economy through both physical and cultural connectivity initiatives, despite its relatively limited resources. Türkiye’s efforts to revive the historical Silk Road have significantly contributed to opening Central Asia to the world.
A recent report on Central Asia published by the United Kingdom Parliament in October 2023 directly references an interview with Aijan Sharshenova from the OSCE Academy in Bishkek, emphasizing Türkiye’s increasing influence in the region. The report highlights that, “Türkiye has emerged as the principal beneficiary in the region, primarily due to its respect toward its counterparts.”1 This observation underscores Türkiye’s diplomatic approach, which prioritizes mutual respect and engagement, distinguishing it from other external actors operating in Central Asia.2 In addition to its extensive cultural engagement with the Turkistan republics, Türkiye has adopted a foreign policy approach characterized by a commitment to equality, a rejection of hegemonic ambitions, and a non-interventionist stance. This approach has played a crucial role in fostering strong cooperative ties with the newly independent Turkic states. Beyond bilateral cooperation, Türkiye’s success in the region has been significantly shaped by its effective use of multilateral platforms, such as the International Organization of Turkic Culture (TÜRKSOY), the Parliamentary Assembly of Turkic States (TURKPA), and the Organization of Turkic States (OTS). These institutions have enabled Türkiye to pursue a pluralistic and inclusive regional cooperation strategy, reinforcing its position as a reliable partner for Central Asian nations.
